Before Hanoi, Hoa Lu served as Vietnam’s first capital during the 10th and 11th centuries. Located in Ninh Binh province, this historical site features the remnants of ancient temples, royal palaces, and fortifications set against a backdrop of stunning limestone mountains. The temples of King Dinh Tien Hoang and King Le Dai Hanh provide insight into Vietnam’s early dynasties. Visitors can also explore the nearby Tam Coc and Trang An landscapes, where rivers meander through caves and rice paddies. Hoa Lu’s combination of history and natural beauty makes it a fascinating stop for travelers interested in Vietnam’s rich past.



As Vietnam’s tourism industry grows, responsible travel has become increasingly important. Many eco-lodges and community-based tourism initiatives help preserve local culture and protect the environment. In Sapa and Ha Giang, trekking with local guides from ethnic minority groups ensures that tourism benefits the community. In Hoi An, many businesses promote plastic-free initiatives to reduce waste. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park encourages eco-tourism by limiting visitor numbers to protect its fragile cave systems. By choosing sustainable accommodations, respecting local customs, and minimizing plastic use, travelers can contribute to preserving Vietnam’s natural and cultural heritage.

Vietnam is home to 54 ethnic groups, each with its own unique traditions and way of life. Visiting the hill tribe villages in the northern highlands is a fantastic way to experience Vietnam’s diverse cultures. Sapa, a popular trekking destination, is home to the H’mong, Red Dao, and Tay people, who live in villages surrounded by terraced rice fields. Further north, Ha Giang offers a more off-the-beaten-path experience, with stunning mountain landscapes and traditional markets where ethnic minorities trade goods. In Mai Chau and Pu Luong, visitors can stay in traditional stilt houses and learn about the daily life of the Thai and Muong people. These cultural encounters provide a deeper appreciation of Vietnam’s rich heritage.

Vietnam is home to 54 ethnic groups, each with its own distinct traditions, languages, and customs. In the northern mountains, the H’mong and Dao people are known for their intricate embroidery and colorful textiles. In the Central Highlands, the Bana and Ede tribes maintain ancient gong music traditions, recognized as a UNESCO cultural heritage. The Cham people, descendants of the ancient Champa civilization, practice a unique form of Hindu-influenced culture in southern Vietnam. Visiting these ethnic communities provides an opportunity to witness traditional crafts, participate in local festivals, and experience homestays in traditional stilt houses. The best places to explore ethnic culture include Sapa, Ha Giang, and the remote villages of Dak Lak province.

Hoi An is one of Vietnam’s most enchanting destinations, and the monthly Lantern Festival transforms this ancient town into a mesmerizing wonderland. Held on the 14th day of each lunar month, the festival sees the entire Old Town illuminated by thousands of colorful lanterns, creating a magical atmosphere. Locals and visitors alike release paper lanterns onto the Thu Bon River, making wishes for good fortune and happiness. The streets become car-free, allowing for a peaceful stroll through the historic alleys, where traditional music, folk dances, and street performances take place. Vendors sell delicious festival treats such as bánh mì, cao lầu, and sweet sesame snacks. The festival is also an excellent opportunity to visit Hoi An’s historical sites, such as the Japanese Covered Bridge and ancient merchant houses, under the warm glow of lantern light.